HCI - Lecture 12: Introducing Inclusive Design Part 1 Cybersecurity, Risk and Technology "Incorporating an understanding of human behaviours into cybersecurity products and processes can lead to more effective technology" (Pfleeger & Caputo, 2012) Understanding human behaviour helps reduce risk ... but how else does it help? Example: Online Gaming . It's not all about C-O-D! . It's about cognitive strategy for game-based learning (Kim et al, 2009) o Self-recording, modelling and thinking aloud o Effective in increasing performance in learning and gaming . Negative effects of online gaming (Liu & Peng, 2009) o Physical effects o Psychological dependency o Cognitive distortions Example: Website Impressions . 50-500 milliseconds to make a reliable decision · Holistic impression . Sensory stimuli can influence the amount of time and money a shopper may spend in a retail establishment, e.g. music, colour, lighting, etc. Decision Making: Online Trust · Can you trust everything you read online? . Individuals must evaluate online information for themselves · Cues in online content trigger heuristics, e.g. reputation, endorsement, consistency, confirmation bias, etc. Trust As interactions increase, trustors are likely to develop an expectation that the trustee is reliable (Fléchais et al. 2005) if the trustum has been fulfilled as expected. This may indicate trustworthiness. Trustworthiness is defined from the trustor and trustee perspectives as an objective quality governing the degree to which transactional obligations will be fulfilled in situations characterised by risk or uncertainty (Bailey et al. 2003). Trustworthiness of the flow of information, the security of the service provision and the protection of the supporting systems and SoS need to be taken into account (Richardson 2012). If it has not been fulfilled as expected, this may lead to a quantified belief by a trustor that a trustee is incompetent, dishonest, not secure, or dependable (Grandison and Sloman 2003). Distrust, therefore, becomes a measure of the trustor's belief towards the unlikelihood that the trustee will fulfil as expected. This may be as a result of misplaced trust creating Mistrust. This leads to Untrust that becomes a measure of how little the trustee is actually trusted (Marsh and Dibben 2005).
Designing for Disabilities · Oswald and Powdthavee (2006), shows the average reported life satisfaction of a group of people who: o Became seriously disabled (at time T)fi and o Remained seriously disabled in the two following years (T+1 and T+2). . Here, 'seriously disabled' means that disability prevented them from being able to do day-to- day activities. . Those entering disability suffer a sudden drop in life satisfaction and recover only partially. . This supports the idea that while adaptation plays a role for common life events, the notion of life satisfaction is indeed sensitive to tragic events. Corporate Social Responsibility: · Products designed to be attractive to users Risk of addition addressed? o Risks to user's security addresses? · Concept of social responsibility established for companies whose products impact on health an environment o Although debate about how much is just spin, e.g. greenwashing (process of conveying a