1) Endotoxins:
a) are generally soluble proteins.
b) are components of capsules.
c) are found in Gram-positive bacteria.
d) are lipid components of the cell wall in Gram-negative bacteria.
e) are toxins secreted by bacteria into their environment.
2) Formation of bacterial endospores:
a) occurs in all bacterial cells.
b) allows bacterial reproduction.
c) is called germination.
d) is triggered by adverse environmental conditions.
e) occurs when the cell has too much phosphate.
3) Which of the following statements is TRUE about viruses?
a) They are not composed of cells.
b) They have DNA or RNA.
c) They have a protein coat.
d) They replicate only when they are in a living host cell.
e) All of the above are correct.
4) One effect of washing regularly with antibacterial agents is the removal of normal microbiota. This can result in:
a) body odor.
b) fewer diseases.
c) increased susceptibility to disease.
d) normal microbiota returning immediately.
e) no bacterial growth because washing removes their food source.
5) A needle stick is an example of:
a) direct contact.
b) droplet transmission.
c) indirect contact transmission by fomite.
d) direct biological transmission by vector.
e) vehicle transmission.
6) Which of the following is NOT an effective sterilization method?
a) Ultra-high Temperature treatment
b) Autoclaving
c) Freezing
d) Dry heat
e) Filtration
7) Biological transmission differs from mechanical transmission in that biological transmission:
a) occurs when a pathogen is carried on the feet of an insect.
b) involves fomites.
c) involves reproduction of a pathogen in an arthropod vector prior to transmission.
d) requires direct contact.
e) works only with noncommunicable diseases.