What form exists at the isoelectric point of each of the following amino acids: (a) valine; (b) leucine; (c) proline; (d) glutamic acid?
Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following reaction.
Give the structure corresponding to each IUPAC name.a. 2-bromobutanoic acidb. 2,3-dimethylpentanoic acidc. 3,3,4-trimethylheptanoic acidd. 2-sec-butyl-4,4-diethylnonanoic acide. 3,4-diethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acidf. 1-isopropylcyclobutanecarboxylic acid
What $\alpha$-halo carbonyl compound is needed to synthesize each amino acid: (a) glycine; (b isoleucine; (c) phenylalanine?
Draw additional resonance structures for each anion.
Rank the protons in the indicated CH$_2$ groups in order of increasing acidity, and explain why youchose this order.