A 20.0 -g lead bullet leaves a rifle at a temperature of 47.0^∘ C and travels at a velocity of 5

step 1 Question number 102. In this question, the mass of the bullet is given as mb is equal to 0 .02 k

A 20.0 -g lead bullet leaves a rifle at a temperature of...

A 20.0 -g lead bullet leaves a rifle at a temperature of $47.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and travels at a velocity of $5.00 \times 10^{2} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ until it hits a large block of ice at $0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and comes to rest within it. How much ice will melt?

Key Concepts

Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion, calculated as one-half the mass multiplied by the square of its velocity. In collision or impact problems, the kinetic energy of a moving object is often converted into other forms of energy, such as heat, which can cause phase changes in substances it comes into contact with.

Specific Heat Capacity

The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one degree Celsius. When an object cools or heats, the energy change associated with its temperature change can be calculated using its mass, specific heat, and the temperature difference.

Latent Heat of Fusion

The latent heat of fusion is the amount of energy needed to change a unit mass of a substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase at its melting point, without changing its temperature. This concept is crucial when determining how much of a solid, like ice, will melt when it absorbs a given amount of heat.

Conservation of Energy

The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. In thermal problems, the total energy (including kinetic and internal energy) is redistributed between objects, leading to changes such as the melting of a substance when it absorbs heat from a moving object.

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