A blue exercise number indicates that the answer to that...

Name: Problem 12, Chapter 14: Chemical Principle
Uploaded: 2020-08-13T01:15:34-08:00
Duration: 4 min 8 s
Channel: Megan Lucas
Description: A blue exercise number indicates that the answer to that exercise appears at the back of this book and a solution appears in the Solutions Guide. The atoms in a single bond can rotate about the internuclear axis without breaking the bond. The atoms in a double bond and a triple bond cannot rotate about the internuclear axis unless the bond is broken. Why?

A blue exercise number indicates that the answer to that exercise appears at the back of this book and a solution appears in the Solutions Guide. The atoms in a single bond can rotate about the internuclear axis without breaking the bond. The atoms in a double bond and a triple bond cannot rotate about the internuclear axis unless the bond is broken. Why?

A blue exercise number indicates that the answer to that exercise appears at the back of this book and a solution appears in the Solutions Guide.
The atoms in a single bond can rotate about the internuclear axis without breaking the bond. The atoms in a double bond and a triple bond cannot rotate about the internuclear axis unless the bond is broken. Why?

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Key Concepts

Sigma Bonds

Sigma bonds are the strongest type of covalent bonds formed by the head-on overlap of atomic orbitals. They are characterized by a symmetrical distribution of electron density along the internuclear axis, which allows for free rotation around the bond without breaking this overlap. This rotational freedom is typical in single bonds, where only a sigma bond is present.

Pi Bonds

Pi bonds are formed by the lateral or side-by-side overlap of atomic orbitals, occurring in addition to sigma bonds in multiple bonds such as double or triple bonds. The electron density in a pi bond is located above and below the internuclear axis, and its overlap is highly sensitive to the alignment of the involved orbitals. Any rotation around the bond axis would disrupt this sideways overlap, leading to the loss of the pi bond.

Bond Rotation

Bond rotation refers to the ability of bonded atoms to rotate relative to each other around the bond axis. In single bonds, because only sigma bonds are present, rotation can occur without significant energy cost. However, in bonds that contain pi components, such as double and triple bonds, rotation would break the necessary orbital alignment for the pi bond, which prevents free rotation unless the bond is broken.

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