Problem 42 Hard Difficulty

(a) By completing the square, show that
$ \int^{1/2}_0 \frac {dx}{x^2 - x + 1} = \frac {\pi}{3 \sqrt 3} $
(b) By factoring $ x^3 + 1 $ as a sum of cubes, rewrite the integral in part (a). Then express $ 1/(x^3 + 1) $ as the sum of a power series and use it to prove the following formula for $ \pi: $
$ \pi = \frac {3 \sqrt 3 }{4} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac {(-1)^n}{8^n} \left( \frac {2}{3n + 1} + \frac {1}{3n + 2} \right) $

Answer

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Video Transcript

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