A compound with molecular formula C7 H16 shows optical isomerism. The compound will be (a) 2 -me

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A compound with molecular formula C7 H16 shows optical...

A compound with molecular formula $\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{16}$ shows optical isomerism. The compound will be
(a) 2 -methylhexane
(b) 2,2 -dimethylpentane
(c) 2,3 -dimethylpentane
(d) none of these

Key Concepts

Optical Isomerism

Optical isomerism refers to the phenomenon where certain molecules rotate plane-polarized light due to their asymmetry. This occurs when a molecule exists as two non-superimposable mirror images, known as enantiomers, which have identical physical properties except for the direction in which they rotate polarized light.

Chirality

Chirality is a property of asymmetry where a molecule, usually due to the presence of a carbon atom bonded to four different substituents, cannot be superimposed on its mirror image. Chiral molecules are the basis for optical isomerism, as the distinct spatial arrangement leads to the existence of enantiomers.

Chiral Centers (Stereocenters)

A chiral center, often defined as a stereocenter, is an atom (typically carbon) that is bonded to four different groups. The uniqueness of these substituents at the chiral center is what gives rise to non-superimposable mirror images, making the molecule optically active.

Structural Isomerism

Structural isomerism describes the occurrence of molecules that have the same molecular formula but differ in the connectivity of their atoms. In organic chemistry, different arrangements can lead to variations in physical and chemical properties, including whether a compound exhibits chirality and optical activity.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a standardized system for naming chemical compounds. It involves selecting the longest carbon chain, numbering it to provide the lowest possible numbers to substituents, and naming these substituent groups. This systematic approach helps in understanding and distinguishing between various structural isomers.

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