A constant electric current flows for 3.75 h through two electrolytic cells connected in series

step 1 2 .00 gram of silver. Silver is 2 .00 divided by 108 is equal to 0 .0185 moles. Each AG -Ains ca

A constant electric current flows for 3.75 h through two...

A constant electric current flows for $3.75 \mathrm{~h}$ through two electrolytic cells connected in series. One contains a solution of $\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}$ and the second a solution of $\mathrm{CuCl}_{2}$. During this time $2.00 \mathrm{~g}$ of silver are deposited in the first cell. (a) How many grams of copper are deposited in the second cell? (b) What is the current flowing, in amperes?

Key Concepts

Faraday's Laws of Electrolysis

Faraday's laws state that the amount of chemical change during electrolysis is proportional to the quantity of electricity that passes through the cell. This concept allows you to calculate the mass of substance deposited or dissolved at an electrode when a known amount of current is applied for a given time, by relating the deposited mass to the charge and the electrochemical equivalent of the substance.

Electrochemical Reaction Stoichiometry

This concept involves using the balanced redox reactions at the electrodes to determine the relationship between the number of moles of electrons transferred and the moles of substance deposited. For example, in deposition reactions, different ions require different numbers of electrons per ion reduced, which directly affects the mass of metal deposited for a given amount of charge.

Series Connection in Electrolytic Cells

In a series circuit, the same current flows through each component. When electrolytic cells are connected in series, the charge (and hence the number of electrons) passing through each cell is identical. This fact is crucial in comparing amounts of deposition in different cells where the reduction reactions require a different number of electrons.

Current-Charge-Time Relationship

This principle is expressed by the equation Q = I × t, where Q is the total charge, I is the current, and t is the time for which the current flows. It links the macroscopic electrical parameters of the circuit to the microscopic changes at the electrodes during electrolysis, enabling the calculation of current when the total charge and time are known.

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