A diploid organism with a 45,000 -kb haploid genome contains...

A diploid organism with a 45,000 -kb haploid genome contains $21 \%$ G residues. Calculate the number of $\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{C}, \mathrm{G},$ and $\mathrm{T}$ residues in the DNA of each cell in this organism.

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Key Concepts

Chargaff's Rules

Chargaff's rules state that in double-stranded DNA, the amount of adenine (A) is equal to thymine (T) and the amount of guanine (G) is equal to cytosine (C). This principle is important for deducing the distribution of nucleotide bases given a reported percentage of one base type.

Nucleotide Composition Calculation

Calculating nucleotide composition involves converting a percentage, such as the 21% for guanine, into an absolute number by considering the total genome size and applying Chargaff's rules to distribute the complementary bases equally. This process is fundamental when determining the counts of each nucleotide—A, T, C, and G—in the overall DNA content.

Diploidy

Diploidy refers to the condition in which a cell contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. In calculations involving the entire genome, the haploid genome size is doubled for diploid organisms, which is crucial for determining the total number of nucleotide residues in each cell.

Genome Size

Genome size is the total amount of genetic material contained in one complete set (haploid) of chromosomes, usually measured in kilobases (kb) or megabases (Mb). This measurement is essential for calculating the absolute number of nucleotides present in the organism's DNA when scaled to the cell's diploid state.

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