(a) How much heat transfer is necessary to raise the temperature of a 0.200-kg piece of ice from

step 1 So let's calculate part A in three steps. First step is to raise the temperature of ice from neg

(a) How much heat transfer is necessary to raise the...

Key Concepts

Temperature-Time Graph Analysis

This concept involves interpreting graphs that depict how the temperature of a substance changes over time during heating or cooling processes. Such graphs typically show intervals of linear temperature change during sensible heating and flat regions (plateaus) during phase changes, reflecting the constant temperature despite ongoing energy input.

Heat Transfer Rate (Power)

Heat transfer rate, often given in watts (joules per second), describes the speed at which energy is being transferred into or out of a system. When combined with the total energy requirement, it allows calculation of the time needed for a process by dividing the total energy by the heat transfer rate.

Latent Heat of Phase Change

Latent heat is the energy required for a substance to undergo a phase transition at a constant temperature, such as from a solid to a liquid (melting) or from a liquid to a gas (vaporization). It accounts for the heat energy absorbed or released during these phase changes, ensuring energy conservation as the substance transforms between different states.

Specific Heat Capacity

This concept refers to the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree. In problems involving heating or cooling, especially with different phases of matter, the specific heat capacity determines how much energy is required to change the temperature of a substance without undergoing a phase change.

Energy Conservation in Heat Transfer

This principle involves accounting for all energy inputs and outputs in a system as it undergoes temperature changes and phase transitions. It is applied by summing the energy needed for sensible heating (temperature change without phase change) and the latent heats required for phase transitions to determine the total heat transfer necessary for a process.

Transcript

00:01 So let's calculate part a in three steps.

00:06 First step is to raise the temperature of ice from negative 20 degrees to 0 degrees.

00:12 So mass times specific heat of ice times delta t.

00:16 So ice, mass of ice is 0 .2 kilos.

00:22 Specific heat of ice is given on the page 590 of the book, which is 2090.

00:27 In terms of jules per kilos per degrees centigrade.

00:34 Now delta t is 20.

00:37 If you do this, you will get 8 ,360 jules.

00:43 Q2 now is melting of ice so that's lightened heat.

00:50 Mass is still the same.

00:52 Point two.

00:53 Lighten heat of fusion for water is 334 kilojoules per kilogram but we need answer in terms of jules so 334 ,000 joules per kilos so if you do this you'll get 66 ,800 jules and the third stage is raising the temperature of water from zero degrees to 130 degrees that's mass of water specific heat of water and change in temperature so this third stage is quite interesting because as we can see water is not in liquid state when it goes to 130 degrees.

01:54 So we need to use, we need to only go up to 100 degrees now in this case.

02:01 So mass of water is still the same.

02:03 Point two specific heat of water is 4186.

02:07 Change of temperature is 100.

02:10 So let's first calculate that.

02:12 Point two times 4186 times 100 is 83 ,720 joules now as i said before that there are three stages but actually there are fourth stage which i did not mention which is there are five stages actually fourth stage is converting water to the vapor so that will be again latent heat of vaporization mass is 0 .2 kilos latent heat of vaporization for water is 2256 kilojoules per kilogram so that's 2256 thousands because we need jules per kilogram that will be 0 .2 times 225 6 000 this is huge amount of heat 451 4 51 200 jules so this is fourth stage the fifth stage so the fourth stage is constant temperature stage so this raised the temperature to his hundred degrees this is is isothermal process it means the temperature is still hundred now in the next stage that is fifth stage and last stage is again mc delta t now we are going to use viper viper so mass is again the same point two.

03:56 Specific heat, which is also given on page 590, is steam is 1520 joules per kilos per degree celsius.

04:28 So now we don't know how the process goes...

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