A medical resident admits a patient overnight with uncontrolled blood pressurc. He means to write an order for the angiotensin receptor blocker Diovan at $10 \mathrm{mg}$ once a day. Because of his sloppy handwriting the nurses and pharmacy administer digoxin at $10 \mathrm{mg}$ a day. This is a drug that is rarely used at a dose above $0.5 \mathrm{mg}$ a day. Three days later, the patient develops a hemodynamically unstable rhythm disorder that the resident very sincerely tries to decipher but is unable to until the patient transfers to the intensive care unit. At this point they discover the overdose of digoxin. The patient and the family never discover the overdose.
Which of the following most accurately describes this situation?
a. There is no liability for the resident because the overdose was unintentional.
b. There is no liability for the resident because the pharmacy should have detected the error.
c. No liability exists because the error is unknown to the patient.
d. No liability exists because it was an accident.
e. The resident and hospital are both liable for harm to the patient.
f. No liability exists because there was no permanent harm to the patient.