A mover's dolly is used to transport a refrigerator up a...

A mover's dolly is used to transport a refrigerator up a ramp into a house. The refrigerator has a mass of 115 kg. The ramp is $2.10 \mathrm{m}$ long and rises $0.850 \mathrm{m} .$ The mover pulls the dolly with a force of $496 \mathrm{N}$ up the ramp. The dolly and ramp constitute a machine. a. What work does the mover do? b. What is the work done on the refrigerator by the machine? c. What is the efficiency of the machine?

A mover's dolly is used to transport a refrigerator up a ramp into a house. The refrigerator has a mass of 115 kg. The ramp is $2.10 \mathrm{m}$ long and rises $0.850 \mathrm{m} .$ The mover pulls the dolly with a force of $496 \mathrm{N}$ up the ramp. The dolly and ramp constitute a machine.
a. What work does the mover do?
b. What is the work done on the refrigerator by the machine?
c. What is the efficiency of the machine?

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Key Concepts

Work

Work is the energy transfer that occurs when an object is moved over a distance by an applied force. It is calculated as the product of the force component in the direction of the displacement and the magnitude of that displacement. This concept is fundamental in mechanics for analyzing energy input and output in tasks involving movement.

Gravitational Potential Energy

Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in an object as a result of its vertical position in a gravitational field. It is given by the product of the object's mass, the gravitational acceleration, and its height above a reference level. This concept is key when dealing with lifting objects or moving them in a gravitational environment.

Efficiency

Efficiency measures how well a system converts input energy into useful output energy, expressed as a percentage. It is defined as the ratio of the work output to the work input. In mechanical systems, efficiency helps determine the effectiveness of energy use and highlights losses due to factors like friction and other non-ideal effects.

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