A piston/cylinder with a cross-sectional area of 0.01 m^2 has a piston mass of 100 kg resting on

step 1 So in this problem, we want to find out what the water pressure should be in order to lift a pis

A piston/cylinder with a cross-sectional area of 0.01 m^2...

A piston/cylinder with a cross-sectional area of $0.01 \mathrm{m}^{2}$ has a piston mass of $100 \mathrm{kg}$ resting on the stops, as shown in Fig. P2.45. With an outside atmospheric pressure of $100 \mathrm{kPa}$, what should the water pressure be to lift the piston?

Key Concepts

Pressure

Pressure is defined as the force applied per unit area. In fluid mechanics, understanding pressure is essential because it determines how a fluid exerts force on surfaces, such as the piston in a cylinder. The concept involves using the relationship pressure = force/area, and it is measured in Pascals (Pa) in the SI system.

Force Equilibrium

Force equilibrium involves the analysis of balancing forces acting on a body, ensuring that the net force is zero for a system in static equilibrium. When lifting a piston, the upward force provided by the fluid pressure must equal or exceed the downward weight of the piston plus any additional pressures such as atmospheric pressure acting on the system.

Pascal's Principle

Pascal's Principle states that any change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every point of the fluid and the walls of its container. This principle is fundamental in hydraulic systems where a small pressure change can be used to exert a much larger force over a small piston area.

Gauge Pressure versus Absolute Pressure

Understanding the difference between gauge pressure and absolute pressure is crucial in fluid systems. Gauge pressure is measured relative to the atmospheric pressure, while absolute pressure is measured relative to a perfect vacuum. When calculating the necessary fluid pressure in hydraulic systems, one must account for both the atmospheric pressure acting on the system and the additional pressure needed to overcome mechanical loads.

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