(a) ¿Qué s\ucede con el tamaño del átomo de cloro en el...

(a) ¿Qué sucede con el tamaño del átomo de cloro en el vídeo Energía de ionización (Ionization Energy, eCapitulo 7.4) cuando se le quita el primer electrón? (b) ¿Cómo explica este cambio de tamaño? (c) Con base en su respuesta a la parte (b), ¿cómo esperaría que cambie el tamaño del átomo de cloro si se agrega un electrón, en vez de quitarse?

Key Concepts

Cations and Anions

Cations and anions are charged species that result from the loss or gain of electrons, respectively. When an atom loses an electron, it forms a cation with a higher effective nuclear charge and a smaller radius, whereas gaining an electron to form an anion increases electron-electron repulsion and typically leads to a larger ionic radius.

Atomic Radius

Atomic radius is a measure of the size of an atom, typically defined by the distance from the nucleus to the outermost orbitals. Changes in the number of electrons alter the balance between electrostatic attraction and repulsion, leading to a decrease in size when electrons are removed and an increase in size when electrons are added.

Ionization Energy

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. A higher ionization energy indicates that an atom has a stronger hold on its electrons. Removing an electron, particularly one that is loosely held, can lead to structural changes within the electron cloud, affecting the overall size and stability of the atom.

Effective Nuclear Charge

Effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge experienced by electrons after accounting for the shielding effect of other electrons. When an electron is removed, the effective nuclear charge felt by the remaining electrons increases because there is less electron-electron repulsion, pulling the electrons closer to the nucleus and causing the atom to contract.

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