A reaction is non-spontaneous at the freezing point of water...

A reaction is non-spontaneous at the freezing point of water but is spontaneous at the boiling point of water then $\begin{array}{cr}\Delta & \Delta \\ \text { (a) }+\mathrm{ve} & +\mathrm{ve} \\ \text { (b) }-\mathrm{ve} & -\mathrm{ve} \\ \text { (c) }-\mathrm{ve} & +\mathrm{ve} \\ \text { (d) }+\mathrm{ve} & -\mathrm{ve}\end{array}$

A reaction is non-spontaneous at the freezing point of water but is spontaneous at the boiling point of water then
$\begin{array}{cr}\Delta & \Delta \\ \text { (a) }+\mathrm{ve} & +\mathrm{ve} \\ \text { (b) }-\mathrm{ve} & -\mathrm{ve} \\ \text { (c) }-\mathrm{ve} & +\mathrm{ve} \\ \text { (d) }+\mathrm{ve} & -\mathrm{ve}\end{array}$

Key Concepts

Temperature Dependence of Free Energy

The temperature factor in the Gibbs free energy equation means that the spontaneity of a reaction can change with temperature. For reactions with a positive ?H and a positive ?S, the reaction may be non-spontaneous at lower temperatures (where the T?S term is small) and spontaneous at higher temperatures (where the T?S term overcomes ?H), highlighting how temperature shifts the balance between enthalpic and entropic contributions.

Entropy Change

Entropy (?S) measures the degree of disorder or randomness in a system. A positive ?S suggests that the products have a higher disorder than the reactants, which can favor spontaneity, especially at higher temperatures where the T?S term becomes more significant in reducing ?G.

Enthalpy Change

Enthalpy (?H) represents the heat absorbed or released during a reaction at constant pressure. A positive ?H indicates an endothermic process, and depending on the sign and magnitude of ?S, may lead to non-spontaneity at lower temperatures, with the possibility of becoming spontaneous at higher temperatures if counterbalanced by entropy effects.

Gibbs Free Energy

Gibbs free energy (?G) is a thermodynamic potential that combines enthalpy and entropy changes to predict whether a reaction occurs spontaneously. The equation ?G = ?H - T?S shows that both the enthalpy change (?H) and the entropy change (?S), as well as the temperature (T), determine the spontaneity of a process.

Transcript

Please give Ace some feedback