A solution at 25^∘ C contains 1.0 M Cd^2+, 1.0 M Ag^+, 1.0 M Au^3+, and 1.0 Mi^2+ in the cathode

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A solution at 25^∘ C contains 1.0 M Cd^2+, 1.0 M Ag^+, 1.0 M...

A solution at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ contains $1.0 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Cd}^{2+}, 1.0 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Ag}^{+}, 1.0 \mathrm{M}$ $\mathrm{Au}^{3+}$, and $1.0 \mathrm{Mi}^{2+}$ in the cathode compartment of anelectrolytic cell. Predict the order in which the metals will plate out as the voltage is gradually increased.

A solution at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ contains $1.0 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Cd}^{2+}, 1.0 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Ag}^{+}, 1.0 \mathrm{M}$
$\mathrm{Au}^{3+}$, and $1.0 \mathrm{Mi}^{2+}$ in the cathode compartment of anelectrolytic cell. Predict the order in which the metals will plate out as the voltage is gradually increased.

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Key Concepts

Electrochemical Series

The electrochemical series, or activity series, ranks elements based on their standard reduction potentials. This ranking is fundamental to predicting the sequence of reactions in an electrolytic cell, particularly when multiple metal ions are present.

Cathodic Deposition

This term describes the process by which metal ions gain electrons at the cathode to form solid metal. The deposition order is determined by the relative reduction potentials of the ions present, so that metals with more favorable (higher) reduction potentials are plated out first.

Standard Reduction Potentials

This concept refers to the intrinsic tendency of a chemical species to be reduced, measured under standard conditions. It is used to predict which species will undergo reduction first in an electrochemical cell. The species with the highest (most positive) standard reduction potential is typically reduced at the cathode before species with lower potentials when external voltage is applied.

Electrolysis

Electrolysis is the process of driving a non-spontaneous chemical reaction using an external electrical energy source. In the context of plating, it involves applying a voltage that causes metal ions in solution to be reduced and deposited on the cathode.

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