A spherical glass bulb of 0.1 m radius is maintained at 300 K, except for an appendix with a c

step 1 A solid glass sphere with the initial diameter of 25 cm and subjected to the pressure of 1000 in

A spherical glass bulb of 0.1 m radius is maintained at 300...

A spherical glass bulb of $0.1 \mathrm{~m}$ radius is maintained at $300 \mathrm{~K}$, except for an appendix with a cross-sectional area of $10^{-4} \mathrm{~m}^{2}$ immersed in liquid nitrogen, as shown in Fig. P12-1. The bulb contains water vapor originally at a pressure of $13.3 \mathrm{~Pa}$. Assuming that every water molecule that enters the appendix condenses on the wall and stays there, find the time required for the pressure to decrease to $1.33 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~Pa}$.

Labs

Want to see this concept in action?

NEW

Explore this concept interactively to see how it behaves as you change inputs.

View Labs

Key Concepts

Effusion

Effusion is the process by which gas molecules escape through a small opening into a region of lower pressure. It relies on the molecular speed and the geometry of the aperture, and is a key concept in calculating the rate at which gas leaves a container. In problems involving pressure decay, the effusion rate helps determine how quickly the number of gas molecules inside decreases.

Phase Change and Condensation

Condensation is the phase transition wherein gas molecules change into a liquid when they come in contact with a cold surface. In the context of pressure decay problems, condensation acts as a mechanism to permanently remove molecules from the gas phase, thereby reducing the pressure within the container. This process is critical when analyzing systems where one region is maintained at a very low temperature relative to the rest.

Kinetic Theory of Gases

This theory provides the framework to understand the behavior of gas molecules, including their speeds and collisions. It uses the Maxwell–Boltzmann speed distribution to predict the average speed of molecules at a given temperature, an important factor when calculating the flux of molecules through an aperture or during processes like effusion.

Transcript

Please give Ace some feedback