(a) Use the following reactions to arrange the elements A,B,...

(a) Use the following reactions to arrange the elements A,B, C, and D in order of their decreasing ability as reducing agents: $$2 \mathrm{A}+\mathrm{B}^{2+} \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{A}^{+}+\mathrm{B} \quad \mathrm{B}+\mathrm{D}^{2+} \longrightarrow \mathrm{B}^{2+}+\mathrm{D}$$ $$\mathrm{A}^{+}+\mathrm{C} \longrightarrow \text { no reaction} \quad 2 \mathrm{C}+\mathrm{B}^{2+} \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{C}^{+}+\mathrm{B}$$ (b) Which of the following reactions would you expect to occur according to the activity series you established in part (a)? (1) $2 \mathrm{A}^{+}+\mathrm{D} \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{A}+\mathrm{D}^{2+}$ (2) $\mathrm{D}^{2+}+2 \mathrm{C} \longrightarrow \mathrm{D}+2 \mathrm{C}^{+}$

(a) Use the following reactions to arrange the elements A,B, C, and D in order of their decreasing ability as reducing agents:
$$2 \mathrm{A}+\mathrm{B}^{2+} \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{A}^{+}+\mathrm{B} \quad \mathrm{B}+\mathrm{D}^{2+} \longrightarrow \mathrm{B}^{2+}+\mathrm{D}$$
$$\mathrm{A}^{+}+\mathrm{C} \longrightarrow \text { no reaction} \quad 2 \mathrm{C}+\mathrm{B}^{2+} \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{C}^{+}+\mathrm{B}$$
(b) Which of the following reactions would you expect to occur according to the activity series you established in part (a)?
(1) $2 \mathrm{A}^{+}+\mathrm{D} \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{A}+\mathrm{D}^{2+}$
(2) $\mathrm{D}^{2+}+2 \mathrm{C} \longrightarrow \mathrm{D}+2 \mathrm{C}^{+}$

Key Concepts

Activity Series

The activity series is a ranking of elements or compounds based on their reactivity, particularly their ability to act as reducing agents. It helps predict the outcomes of displacement reactions, where a more active (or higher ranked) element can reduce a less active one, resulting in the former oxidizing and the latter being reduced.

Spontaneity in Redox Processes

The spontaneity of a redox reaction is governed by the relative tendencies of substances to either lose or gain electrons. By comparing the reducing abilities (or oxidation potentials) of different substances, one can predict whether an electron transfer and the corresponding reaction will occur without external input.

Reducing Agents

A reducing agent is a chemical species that donates electrons during a redox reaction and becomes oxidized in the process. The strength of a reducing agent is determined by its tendency to lose electrons, which is a key factor in predicting whether it will effectively reduce another substance.

Displacement Reactions

Displacement reactions involve the replacement of one element in a compound by another element. These reactions occur when a more reactive element, as indicated by the activity series, displaces a less reactive element from its compounds. Understanding this concept is essential to determining which reaction will occur spontaneously.

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