(a) What is the lanthanide contraction? (b) How does it affect atomic size down a group of trans

Name: Problem 6, Chapter 23: Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
Uploaded: 2020-06-05T02:42:51-08:00
Duration: 3 min 7 s
Channel: Ahmed Ali
Description: (a) What is the lanthanide contraction? (b) How does it affect atomic size down a group of transition elements? (c) How does it influence the densities of the Period 6 transition elements?

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(a) What is the lanthanide contraction? (b) How does it...

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Key Concepts

Lanthanide Contraction

This concept refers to the gradual decrease in the ionic radii and atomic sizes of the lanthanides as the atomic number increases. It is primarily due to the poor shielding of the increasing nuclear charge by the 4f electrons, resulting in a stronger effective pull on the electrons and a smaller atomic size.

Atomic Size Down a Group of Transition Elements

Due to the presence of the lanthanide contraction, the expected increase in atomic size down a group in the transition elements is mitigated. The contraction causes a decrease in atomic radii, meaning that even as electrons are added in higher shells, the overall size does not increase as much as would normally occur.

Influence on Densities of Period 6 Transition Elements

The lanthanide contraction leads to unusually small atomic radii and consequently closer packing of atoms in the Period 6 transition elements. This results in higher densities because the atoms are more tightly packed, despite the increasing atomic number, thereby impacting the physical properties of these elements.

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