A. Write balanced equations for the reactions of calcium,...

a. Write balanced equations for the reactions of calcium, chromium, and lithium with oxygen. Identify the charge on the cation and the charge on the anion for each product. $\mathrm{Ca}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CaO}(s)$ $\mathrm{Cr}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}(s)$ $\mathrm{Li}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Li}_{2} \mathrm{O}(s)$ b. Circle the elements that are oxidized in the chemical equations in part a.

a. Write balanced equations for the reactions of calcium, chromium, and lithium with oxygen. Identify the charge on the cation and the charge on the anion for each product.
$\mathrm{Ca}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CaO}(s)$
$\mathrm{Cr}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}(s)$
$\mathrm{Li}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Li}_{2} \mathrm{O}(s)$
b. Circle the elements that are oxidized in the chemical equations in part a.

Key Concepts

Metal Oxidation

Metal oxidation describes the process during which metals, initially in their elemental state with an oxidation number of zero, react with oxygen to form metal oxides where they typically have positive oxidation states. This phenomenon illustrates both the chemical reactivity of metals and the formation of ionic compounds.

Oxidation States

The oxidation state (or oxidation number) of an element in a compound reflects its degree of oxidation, indicating the number of electrons lost, gained, or shared in bond formation. It is a useful tool for predicting the behavior of elements in reactions, particularly in redox processes.

Redox Reactions

Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions involve a transfer of electrons from one species to another. In these processes, oxidation refers to the loss of electrons (increase in oxidation state), while reduction refers to the gain of electrons (decrease in oxidation state). This concept is critical to understanding which reactants are oxidized and which are reduced.

Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds consist of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions) that combine in stoichiometrically defined ratios to create electrically neutral compounds. Understanding ionic compounds is essential for determining the charges on the cations and anions and how they combine to form the overall compound.

Balancing Chemical Equations

This concept involves ensuring that the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the reaction equation. It is based on the law of conservation of mass, requiring that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Techniques often include adjusting stoichiometric coefficients to achieve balance.

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