### Synthesis gas, a mixture that includes the fuels …

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Problem 110

Acetylene is produced commercially by the partial oxidation of methane. At $1500^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$and pressures of 1–10 bar, the yield of acetylene is about 20%. The major side product is carbon monoxide, and some soot and carbon dioxide also form.
(a) At what temperature is the desired reaction spontaneous:
$$2 \mathrm{CH}_{4}+\frac{1}{2} \mathrm{O}_{2} \longrightarrow \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}+2 \mathrm{H}_{2}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$$
(b) Acetylene can also be made by the reaction of its elements, carbon (graphite) and hydrogen. At what temperature is this formation reaction spontaneous?
(c) Why must this reaction mixture be immediately cooled?

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Chapter 20
Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy, and the Direction of Chemical Reactions
CHEMISTRY: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change 2016

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