After a person has ingested large amounts of sucrose, the...

Key Concepts

Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, yielding ATP and NADH in the process. This pathway occurs in the cytosol and is a crucial initial step in energy production, providing both the building blocks (such as pyruvate) and a modest amount of ATP that helps drive further metabolic processes.

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH) is responsible for converting pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, into acetyl-CoA. This conversion occurs in the mitochondria and serves as a vital link between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, supplying acetyl-CoA for energy production and biosynthetic pathways including fatty acid synthesis.

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis that generates NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate from glucose. NADPH produced by the PPP is essential for reductive biosynthetic reactions, such as fatty acid synthesis, where it provides the reducing power required to convert acetyl-CoA into fatty acids.

Transcript

00:01 Okay, this process covers all the fades of glucose, of a glucose molecule, and also the general process of fatty acid synthesis.

00:12 Okay, let's see all the fades of glucose.

00:15 Once you have glucose and it enters your cell, let's talk about specifically in the epithocyte, okay, in the liver.

00:23 Once glucose gets into the hepatocyte, it is going to, it can follow five pathways, okay? first, the first one is a process of aerobic respiration, okay, that involves glycolysis, creep cycle, pyruvate oxidation, and the electron transport chain.

00:44 That's the first fate.

00:46 The second one is an aerobic respiration, where glucose practically only develops glycolysis and then pyruvate, that is the end product of glycolysis, chance to the lactic acid pathway okay the third pathway is the hmp shant also called exhaust monofosate shant okay and in this in this pathway there is process there is production of nadph and gribose five phosphate okay it's very important we're going to talk about this in a little bit the fourth pathway is a fatty acids synthesis okay it is very important for this process too and finally the six the six pathway that glucose can follow is the process of gluconeogenesis okay where there is pro i'm sorry the process of glycogenesis it is not the same as gluconeogenesis gluconeogenesis is the process by which our liver produces glucose from non -carbohygienesis sources like from lactate for example or or glycerol but glycogenesis is the process by which we produce glycogen.

02:16 Okay, glycogen is a polymer of glucose.

02:19 So these are the five pathways or fates that glucose can follow once it gets inside of the liver.

02:28 Let's see a quick review of the process of fatty acid synthesis.

02:32 Okay, first we have glucose here.

02:35 Okay, it is going to develop the process of glycolysis.

02:37 And the process of lecolysis you know that can produce a will that will produce pyruvate okay and after this we have a process of pyruvate oxidation where there is production of acetyl co -a and finally this process remember that this process occurs in the mitochondria for the cell okay and finally aceticoa will react with oxaloacetate and produce citrate side rate then other metabolize of the crepe cycle okay this is the crepe cycle and that's practically the general pathway of aerobic respiration when there are enough levels of atp in the cell this like at the level of this pathway like around alpha ketogluteride enzyme the process of crept cycle is going to be inhibited so there will be accumulation of isocytrate and also of citrate.

03:42 The problem is that citrate cannot go back to acetate co -a or to oxal acetate.

03:48 So, cytrade will accumulate, and the only way to get good of it is going to be this...

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