After repeatedly pairing a tone with meat powder, Pavlov...

After repeatedly pairing a tone with meat powder, Pavlov found that a dog will salivate when the tone is presented. Salivation to the tone is $a(n)$
A. unconditioned stimulus.
B. unconditioned response.
C. conditioned stimulus.

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Key Concepts

Classical Conditioning

A learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a significant stimulus, eventually triggering a similar response to that stimulus on its own. This concept underlies much of behaviorism and demonstrates how associations are formed between an event and a response.

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any prior learning or conditioning, such as food eliciting salivation in animals.

Unconditioned Response (UR)

An automatic, natural reaction to an unconditioned stimulus, such as the salivation that occurs when an animal is presented with food.

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Initially a neutral stimulus that, after repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to evoke a response. It gains meaning through association and can trigger a learned response on its own.

Conditioned Response (CR)

A learned response to a conditioned stimulus that typically resembles the unconditioned response, resulting from the pairing of the neutral stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus during the conditioning process.

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