Aluminum phosphate is quite insoluble. Which effect is...

Aluminum phosphate is quite insoluble. Which effect is responsible for its insolubility? a. An enthalpy effect resulting from the very stable lattice formed; b. an entropy effect resulting from the very stable lattice formed; c. an enthalpy effect resulting from the release of numerous waters of hydration when forming aluminum phosphate from its ions; d. an entropy effect resulting from the release of numerous waters of hydration when forming aluminum phosphate from its ions; $\mathbf{e}$. an enthalpy effect resulting from the disruption of the structure of liquid water by the large ions; $\mathbf{f}$. an entropy effect resulting from the large ions disrupting the structure of liquid water.

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Key Concepts

Lattice Energy

This is the energy released when gaseous ions come together to form the crystalline lattice of an ionic solid. In the context of solubility, a very high lattice energy indicates that a significant amount of energy is required to break apart the solid, making the compound less likely to dissolve. Hence, a stable or strongly bound lattice contributes to low solubility.

Hydration Energy

This refers to the energy released when ions are surrounded by water molecules during the dissolution process. While high hydration energy can favor solubility if it offsets the lattice energy, in compounds with extremely stable lattices, the hydration energy may not be sufficient to promote dissolution.

Thermodynamic Driving Forces in Solubility

The overall solubility of an ionic compound is determined by a balance of enthalpy and entropy changes. The enthalpy term includes contributions from both the lattice energy and hydration energy, while the entropy change often arises from changes in disorder when the solid dissociates into ions. For aluminum phosphate, an enthalpy effect from a very stable lattice is the dominant factor leading to its insolubility.

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