An electromagnetic flowmeter is to be used to measure blood...

An electromagnetic flowmeter is to be used to measure blood speed. A magnetic field of $0.115 \mathrm{~T}$ is applied across an artery of inner diameter $3.80 \mathrm{~mm}$. The Hall voltage is measured to be $88.0 \mu \mathrm{V}$. What is the average speed of the blood flowing in the artery?

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Key Concepts

Electromagnetic Flowmeter

An electromagnetic flowmeter is a device that measures the flow rate of a conductive fluid by harnessing electromagnetic induction. When a conductive fluid moves through a magnetic field, it induces an electromotive force (EMF) proportional to its velocity, allowing the device to calculate the flow based on the measured voltage.

Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction

Faraday's Law underlies the operation of electromagnetic flowmeters by stating that a change in magnetic flux through a conductor induces an electromotive force. In the context of flow measurement, this means that the motion of a conductive fluid in a magnetic field generates a voltage that can be used to determine the velocity of the fluid.

Lorentz Force and Hall Voltage

The Lorentz force is the force experienced by charged particles when moving through a magnetic field, leading to the separation of charges within the fluid. This separation creates a measurable voltage, known as the Hall voltage, which is directly related to the fluid's speed. Measuring this voltage provides a way to determine the fluid's flow velocity.

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