Answer true or false. (a) A net ionic equation shows only...

Answer true or false. (a) A net ionic equation shows only those ions that undergo chemical reaction. (b) In a net ionic equation, the number of moles of starting material must equal the number of moles of product. (c) A net ionic equation must be balanced by both mass and charge. (d) As a generalization, all lithium, sodium, and potassium salts are soluble in water. (e) As a generalization, all nitrate $\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\right)$ salts are soluble in water. (f) As a generalization, most carbonate (CO $_{3}^{2-}$ ) salts are insoluble in water. (g) Sodium carbonate, $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$, is insoluble in water. (h) Ammonium carbonate, $\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3},$ is insoluble in water. (i) Calcium carbonate, $\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}$, is insoluble in water. (j) Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, $\mathrm{NaH}_{2} \mathrm{PO}_{4}$, is insoluble in water. (k) Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, is soluble in water. (1) Barium hydroxide, $\mathrm{Ba}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}$, is soluble in water.

Answer true or false.
(a) A net ionic equation shows only those ions that undergo chemical reaction.
(b) In a net ionic equation, the number of moles of starting material must equal the number of moles of product.
(c) A net ionic equation must be balanced by both mass and charge.
(d) As a generalization, all lithium, sodium, and potassium salts are soluble in water.
(e) As a generalization, all nitrate $\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\right)$ salts are soluble in water.
(f) As a generalization, most carbonate (CO $_{3}^{2-}$ ) salts are insoluble in water.
(g) Sodium carbonate, $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$, is insoluble in water.
(h) Ammonium carbonate, $\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3},$ is insoluble in water.
(i) Calcium carbonate, $\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}$, is insoluble in water.
(j) Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, $\mathrm{NaH}_{2} \mathrm{PO}_{4}$, is insoluble in water.
(k) Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, is soluble in water.
(1) Barium hydroxide, $\mathrm{Ba}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}$, is soluble in water.

Key Concepts

Solubility Rules

Solubility rules are guidelines that help predict whether an ionic compound will dissolve in water. These rules indicate, for example, that salts of alkali metals and ammonium, as well as nitrates, are generally soluble, while many carbonates, phosphates, and hydroxides tend to be insoluble, with some exceptions.

Generalizations in Solubility

Generalizations in solubility refer to the typical trends observed for classes of compounds, such as the high solubility of lithium, sodium, and potassium salts, or the general solubility of nitrate salts, as well as the low solubility of most carbonate salts. These serve as practical rules in predicting the behavior of compounds in aqueous solutions.

Spectator Ions

Spectator ions are ions present in a full ionic equation that do not take part in the actual chemical reaction. They remain unchanged and are typically omitted when writing the net ionic equation to focus solely on the reacting species.

Net Ionic Equations

A net ionic equation shows only the ions that participate in the chemical change, providing a simplified version of the overall chemical reaction by removing spectator ions that do not change during the reaction.

Balancing Equations (Mass and Charge Conservation)

Any chemical equation, including net ionic equations, must be balanced by both mass and charge. This means that the number of atoms for each element and the total charge are the same on both sides of the equation, adhering to the fundamental laws of conservation.

Transcript

00:01 So this question wants us to go through each of the following statements and determine if they are true or false.

00:05 So a net ionic equation shows only those ions that undergo a chemical reaction, and this is true.

00:13 In a net ionic equation, the number of moles of starting material must equal the number of moles of product.

00:21 And this is false.

00:28 The only thing that goes into the definition of a net ionic equation is that it must have a balanced number of atoms and charges.

00:45 So the third statement, a net ionic equation must be balanced by both mass and charge is false.

00:53 It must be balanced by both the number of atoms as well as the charge.

01:02 In general, all lithium, sodium, and potassium salts are soluble in water.

01:08 The statement is true.

01:10 All salts with group 1 elements, which include lithium, sodium, and potassium are all soluble.

01:20 So the next statement, in general, all nitrates.

01:24 Salts are soluble in water is true as well.

01:28 In general, all salts with the nitrate ion are soluble.

01:32 The next statement, in general, most carbonate salts are insoluble in water is also true.

01:39 And this is just part of the solubility rules.

01:44 So the next statement that the sodium carbonate is insoluble in water.

01:52 This statement is false...

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