Are the following statements true or false? Indicate why if...

Name: Problem 112, Chapter 13: Chemistry
Uploaded: 2021-07-14T15:21:05-08:00
Duration: 2 min 3 s
Channel: Lottie Adams
Description: Are the following statements true or false? Indicate why if a statement is false. (a) The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is independent of the volume occupied by the vapor above the liquid. (b) The normal boiling point of a liquid changes with changing atmospheric pressure. (c) The vapor pressure of a liquid will increase if the mass of liquid is increased.

Are the following statements true or false? Indicate why if a statement is false. (a) The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is independent of the volume occupied by the vapor above the liquid. (b) The normal boiling point of a liquid changes with changing atmospheric pressure. (c) The vapor pressure of a liquid will increase if the mass of liquid is increased.

Key Concepts

Equilibrium Vapor Pressure

This concept refers to the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase. It is determined solely by the temperature and the intermolecular forces within the liquid, making it independent of the volume of the vapor or the mass of the liquid present. At equilibrium, the rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation, meaning that external changes in system volume do not influence the vapor pressure as long as the temperature remains constant.

Boiling Point Dependence on Pressure

The boiling point of a liquid is defined as the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals the external pressure. This means that the normal boiling point, which is measured at a standard atmospheric pressure, will vary if the atmospheric pressure changes. Higher external pressures require higher temperatures for the vapor pressure to reach equilibrium, while lower pressures result in boiling at lower temperatures.

Intrinsic Nature of Vapor Pressure

Vapor pressure is an intrinsic property of a liquid determined by its chemical composition and temperature. Adding more liquid mass to a system does not inherently change the vapor pressure because it is governed by the equilibrium between evaporation and condensation processes at a given temperature. The concentration of molecules with sufficient energy to escape the liquid phase remains unchanged when the quantity of liquid increases, as long as equilibrium is maintained.

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