Are the following statements true or false? Indicate why if...

Are the following statements true or false? Indicate why if a statement is false. (a) The vapor pressure of a liquid will decrease if the volume of liquid decreases. (b) The normal boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the external pressure equals the vapor pressure of the liquid. (c) The vapor pressures of liquids in a similar series tend to increase with increasing molecular weight.

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Key Concepts

Vapor Pressure

Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid (or solid) phase at a given temperature. It depends solely on the temperature and the intrinsic properties of the substance, not on the quantity (volume) of the liquid present. Thus changes in the amount of liquid do not directly influence the vapor pressure once equilibrium is reached.

Normal Boiling Point

The normal boiling point of a liquid is defined as the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals the standard external pressure, usually 1 atm. This concept is essential as it marks the phase change from liquid to gas under normal atmospheric conditions.

Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Weight

In a series of similar liquids (often homologous series), the relative strength of intermolecular forces typically increases with molecular weight. Consequently, higher molecular weight generally results in lower vapor pressures because stronger intermolecular attractions require higher temperatures to vaporize the liquid, leading to an inverse relationship between vapor pressure and molecular weight in most cases.

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