Assertion: In a complete thermodynamic cycle heat supplied...

Assertion: In a complete thermodynamic cycle heat supplied to a system can be completely converted into mechanical work without rejecting any heat to the surrounding. Reason: Net change in internal energy in a cyclic process is zero. (A) $\mathrm{A}$ (B) $\underline{B}$ (C) $\mathrm{C}$ (D) D

Assertion: In a complete thermodynamic cycle heat supplied to a system can be completely converted into mechanical work without rejecting any heat to the surrounding. Reason: Net change in internal energy in a cyclic process is zero.
(A) $\mathrm{A}$
(B) $\underline{B}$
(C) $\mathrm{C}$
(D) D

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Key Concepts

First Law of Thermodynamics

The First Law of Thermodynamics, which is based on the principle of conservation of energy, states that the change in a system's internal energy is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system. For a cyclic process, since the system returns to its initial state, the net change in internal energy is zero, implying that the total work done is equal to the net heat input over the cycle.

Second Law of Thermodynamics

The Second Law of Thermodynamics introduces the concept of entropy and implies that in any cyclic process, it is impossible to convert all the absorbed heat into work. This law sets a fundamental limit on the efficiency of heat engines, necessitating that some heat is always rejected to a lower temperature reservoir, thus preventing complete conversion of heat into mechanical work.

Thermodynamic Cycles

A thermodynamic cycle is a series of processes that returns a system to its initial state, meaning that state properties such as internal energy are the same at the beginning and end of the cycle. This concept is fundamental in understanding engines and refrigerators, where the net work output or input is determined by the aggregate heat transfers throughout the cycle.

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