Assign IUPAC names to the following alcohols:

Name: Problem 4, Chapter 13: Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
Uploaded: 2022-02-03T05:41:05-08:00
Duration: 6 min 6 s
Channel: Rabia Bibi
Description: Assign IUPAC names to the following alcohols:

Key Concepts

Substituent Identification and Naming

Substituents are groups of atoms attached to the main carbon chain that are not part of the principal functional group. Each substituent is identified and its position on the carbon chain is indicated by a number. These substituent names are then prefixed to the base name, ensuring that every part of the molecule's structure is described in the complete IUPAC name.

Chain Numbering

Chain numbering is used to assign the lowest possible numbers to the most important functional groups, such as the hydroxyl group in an alcohol. This process ensures that the location of the functional group is clearly indicated in the compound's name, maximizing the clarity and precision of the nomenclature.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic compounds that ensures each compound has a unique and descriptive name. It involves identifying the principal functional groups, the longest continuous chain of carbons, and all substituents. By following a set of hierarchical rules and guidelines, chemists can communicate complex molecular structures unambiguously.

Functional Group Identification

Functional groups are specific groupings of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the context of alcohols, the key functional group is the hydroxyl group (-OH), which is given priority in naming and determines the suffix used (typically '-ol') in the compound's name.

Longest Carbon Chain Selection

Selecting the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is crucial in determining the backbone of the molecule for IUPAC naming. This chain defines the base name of the compound. When naming alcohols, the chain must include the carbon to which the hydroxyl group is attached, even if this chain is not the longest one present in the molecule.

Transcript

00:02 In today's video we're going to discuss the given question.

00:06 The question is, give systematic names for the following alcohols.

00:10 We have given alcohol is the structure of alcohol in the question is carbon -containing methyl group, methyl group attached to the central carbon and next to this hydroxyl group attached to the carbon and methyl group attached to the carbon, three methyl groups attached on the central carbon and one hydroxyl group attached to the same carbon.

00:34 And here the systematic name for the given alcohol is, we'll write this systematic name.

00:41 And this is, first we will select the longest chain.

00:44 And here, the longest chain containing carbon atom, and it will be continuous chain.

00:49 It must be continuous chain here, containing carbon atoms.

00:52 So we will select here from this side.

00:57 Here to here, we can select.

00:59 And two possibilities here.

01:00 We can select from here to upward here so this continuous chain containing three carbon atoms so it is here methyl this is a substituent and this is substituent so systematic name for this alcohol is two and this is carbon number two and one two three and here one two three this is true carbon number two and here this will be two methyl two methyl propane propane to all this is alcohol all this indicates alcohol present and carbon number two and this will be our second we will and this can be a second name a tertiary buteile alcohol and the second name of systematic name for the given alcohol is tertiary butile alcohol and this alcohol is attached to the carbon and this is a attached to the carbon and this is carbon further attached to three carbon atoms.

02:10 That is why it is called tertiary mutile alcohol.

02:13 Tertiary butyl here total number of carbons are four.

02:17 That is why in three methyl group attached that is why it is called tertiary but alcohol.

02:23 And next one is part b.

02:27 Given alcohol is ch3, all two and ch, ch, ch2 oh.

02:41 And this is primary alcohol and systematic name for the given alcohol is this is 1, 2, and 3, 4...

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