Assume that one ventricle of a child's heart has an EDV of 90 mL, an ESV of 60 mL, and a cardi

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Assume that one ventricle of a child's heart has an EDV of...

Assume that one ventricle of a child's heart has an EDV of $90 \mathrm{~mL}$, an ESV of $60 \mathrm{~mL}$, and a cardiac output of $2.55 \mathrm{~L} / \mathrm{min}$. What are the child's stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF), and heart rate (HR)? a. $\mathrm{SV}=60 \mathrm{~mL} ; \mathrm{EF}=33 \% ; \mathrm{HR}=85 \mathrm{bpm}$ b. $S V=30 \mathrm{~mL} ; \mathrm{EF}=60 \% ; \mathrm{HR}=75 \mathrm{bpm}$ c. $S V=150 \mathrm{~mL} ; E F=67 \% ; \mathrm{HR}=42 \mathrm{bpm}$ d. $S V=30 \mathrm{~mL} ; E F=33 \% ; \mathrm{HR}=85 \mathrm{bpm}$ e. Not enough information is given to calculate these.

Assume that one ventricle of a child's heart has an EDV of $90 \mathrm{~mL}$, an ESV of $60 \mathrm{~mL}$, and a cardiac output of $2.55 \mathrm{~L} / \mathrm{min}$. What are the child's stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF), and heart rate (HR)?
a. $\mathrm{SV}=60 \mathrm{~mL} ; \mathrm{EF}=33 \% ; \mathrm{HR}=85 \mathrm{bpm}$
b. $S V=30 \mathrm{~mL} ; \mathrm{EF}=60 \% ; \mathrm{HR}=75 \mathrm{bpm}$
c. $S V=150 \mathrm{~mL} ; E F=67 \% ; \mathrm{HR}=42 \mathrm{bpm}$
d. $S V=30 \mathrm{~mL} ; E F=33 \% ; \mathrm{HR}=85 \mathrm{bpm}$
e. Not enough information is given to calculate these.

Key Concepts

Heart Rate (HR)

Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per minute. In the context of cardiac output, it is calculated by dividing the cardiac output by the stroke volume. It provides insight into how frequently the heart needs to pump to maintain adequate blood flow.

Cardiac Output (CO)

Cardiac output is the total volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute. It is determined by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate (CO = SV × HR) and is crucial for understanding overall cardiac performance.

Ejection Fraction (EF)

Ejection fraction is the ratio of stroke volume to end-diastolic volume, often expressed as a percentage. It indicates what proportion of the blood in the ventricle is pumped out with each heartbeat, serving as an important measure of systolic function.

End-Systolic Volume (ESV)

ESV is the volume of blood remaining in a ventricle after contraction, or systole. It reflects the efficiency of the heart's pumping ability, as a lower ESV generally indicates more effective systolic function.

End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)

EDV is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of filling, or diastole. It provides a measure of the maximum amount of blood available to be pumped out during a heartbeat and is fundamental in assessing cardiac preload.

Stroke Volume (SV)

Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected by the heart in one beat. It is calculated by subtracting the end-systolic volume from the end-diastolic volume (SV = EDV - ESV) and is a key index of cardiac performance.

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