67 \times 10^{-8} \, \text{W} \, \text{m}^{-2} \, \text{K}^{-4}\)),
- \(e\) is the emissivity of the material (for a blacktop road, \(e = 1\)),
- \(A\) is the area (since radiation is per square meter, \(A = 1 \, \text{m}^2\)),
- \(T\) is the temperature in Kelvin.
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