Problem

Atoms of which group in the periodic table have a…

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Problem 72 Hard Difficulty

Based on their positions in the periodic table, rank the following atoms in order of increasing first ionization energy: Mg, O, S, Si

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Chemistry 101

Chemistry

Chapter 6

Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties of Elements

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Video Transcript

So for this problem, we're going to be comparing the relative ionization energy between five atoms and the periodic table. So first, we're just gonna take a look at the general trends of ionization within ionization energy within the periodic table. So, generally speaking, the organization of the of the Adams in the periodic table are going to increase as you move up a group. And this has largely to do with the fact that the adams at the bottom of groups tend to have a larger radius. So the energy required to pull those out of Radio I electrons from the nucleus because remember, the electrons are attracted to the positive charge of the nucleus. The energy needed to pull those away as much less because they're much further away and that energy gets larger as you get closer, because the you can think of it is like a magnet. So the nucleus is positively charged. Electrons are negative. Closer. These electrons get to the nucleus, the more difficult it is to pull them apart. So that's in general why the ionization energy is going to increase as you move up the periodic table as well. The ionization energy is also going to increase as you move from left to right. Going across the periodic table partially for the same reason is the radio I, but also because these nuclei are getting an increasing number of protons while being in the same energy level. So they're going to hold those electrons tighter and be more difficult to pull them away. Now, I do want to point out two very important caveats to this is these trends are actually not linear. Um, there are two groups in the periodic table, Group 13 and groups 16. That actually break this trend. And the reason for that is because if we remove an electron from Boron, boron falls into a fully filled s orbital and what we should remember from instruction is a fully filled orbital or 1/2 filled orbital is very energetically favourable. So the energy to remove an electron from boron and Group 13 elements like boron as well as Group 16 elements like oxygen and sulfur et cetera the energy to remove those are actually lower relative to the group's immediately to their left, so the trend would imply that they should be higher. But for those two cases. When you move in electron from those groups, it is actually going to be lower again because removing that election gives them an electron configuration where the either have fully filled shell or 1/2 filled show. Um, I just wanted to make that clarification to help out with other problems, but that's actually not going to be a huge impact for this problem. So the atoms that we're going to be considering here are magnesium, oxygen, sulfur and silicon. And the best way to do problems like this are to draw your trends on the periodic table and then find when you're ranking them from lowest to highest. For example, you're just going to find the lowest corner of the periodic table and walk your way up from left to right, finding the Adams along the way. So, in this case, the lowest ionization energy on the table, the way that we have a drawn here is gonna be Francie, um, so that means that we're going to start with magnesium first, because magnesium is the element in our list. That's the furthest left and the furthest down again for this case, because the furthest left and for this down is where the lowest ionization energy is going to be. So we rank these from smallest to largest. Magnesium is going to be the first element in that trend. And then we're going to look at silicon because if we rock from left to right and then simultaneously try and walk up, Um, before we get a chance to go up, we had silicon. It means that silicon is going to be the next Adam in this trend. And then two spots down from silicon we run into sulfur just over will be next in the trend and finally walking up to complete the trend. His auction. That means that our ionization energy from smallest to largest goes magnesium, then Silicon Sulphur and finally, oxygen.

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