Behenic acid (C 22: 0) is present in peanut butter. (a) How...

Behenic acid $(\mathrm{C} 22: 0)$ is present in peanut butter. (a) How many molecules of acetyl-CoA are produced by $\beta$ oxidation of behenic acid? (b) How many molecules of ATP are produced in (a)? (c) How many molecules of $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ are produced by complete oxidation of the acetyl-CoA produced in (a)? (d) How many molecules of ATP are produced in (c)? (e) How many total molecules of ATP are produced by the complete oxidation of behenic acid to $\mathrm{CO}_{2} ?$

Behenic acid $(\mathrm{C} 22: 0)$ is present in peanut butter.
(a) How many molecules of acetyl-CoA are produced by $\beta$ oxidation of behenic acid?
(b) How many molecules of ATP are produced in (a)?
(c) How many molecules of $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ are produced by complete oxidation of the acetyl-CoA produced in (a)?
(d) How many molecules of ATP are produced in (c)?
(e) How many total molecules of ATP are produced by the complete oxidation of behenic acid to $\mathrm{CO}_{2} ?$

Key Concepts

Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain is the final stage of aerobic respiration where the reducing equivalents from NADH and FADH2 are used to produce ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. This system of protein complexes and electron carriers creates a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, thereby converting the energy from nutrients into a readily usable form.

Citric Acid Cycle

The citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle) is a central metabolic pathway that fully oxidizes acetyl-CoA to carbon dioxide. During this cycle, high-energy electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) and a GTP (or ATP) molecule are generated, providing essential substrates for the electron transport chain and overall energy production.

Acetyl-CoA Production

Acetyl-CoA is the key product generated from beta oxidation, with each complete breakdown of a two-carbon unit yielding one molecule of acetyl-CoA. For an even-numbered saturated fatty acid, the total number of acetyl-CoA molecules formed is equal to the number of carbons divided by two, which is critical for quantifying substrate input into subsequent metabolic pathways.

Beta Oxidation

Beta oxidation is the metabolic process by which fatty acids are broken down in the mitochondria into two?carbon units in the form of acetyl-CoA. Each cycle of beta oxidation involves dehydrogenation, hydration, a second dehydrogenation, and thiolysis, with the fatty acid chain shortened by two carbons per cycle. This process is fundamental for linking fatty acid metabolism to energy production.

ATP Yield Calculation

ATP yield calculation involves summing the energy produced directly during beta oxidation and the subsequent energy harvested from the oxidation of acetyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle. This calculation takes into account the ATP generated from substrate-level phosphorylation as well as the ATP produced via oxidative phosphorylation from the electron carriers NADH and FADH2.

Transcript

00:01 Okay, let's answer this question, you have to talk about beta oxidation.

00:06 Vita oxidation is the process by which free pharyatids are broken down and they are going to produce three things.

00:15 Nadh, fadh2 and acetal oa.

00:22 Acetyl coa is going to enter the kept cycle and there is going to be production of even more fadh2 and more nadhh.

00:34 Okay and finally remember that the nadh and fadh to produce they are going to go to the electron transport chain to produce atp okay for example let's talk about lignocytic acid lignocytic acid is a fatty acid that has 24 carbons okay and this is important why because in beta oxidation we're going to have imagine this is a fari acid okay this a fari acid with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 with 8 carbons.

01:17 So during each cycle of beta oxidation, there is going to be production of 1 fadh 2, 1 nadh, and 1 acetate coi.

01:33 So during one cycle or after 1 cycle, and there is going to be production of this, and also there is going to be lost.

01:42 Of two carbons per cycle, okay, in the form of acetalco, practically.

01:47 So after this cycle, we're going to have one, two, three, four, five, six, uh, fatty acid with six carbons.

01:56 So after another cycle, there is going to be one, two, three, four, four carbons for acid.

02:04 And finally, the last cycle, okay, when you have four carbons, it is going to be the last cycle, the next one, okay? because you are not going to produce only one acetyl quay, but as you're going to spit here, we're going to produce one acetyl quay and another acetate choy.

02:23 So, practically, in the last cycle, we're going to produce one in h, 1 fadh, 1 fadh2, and two acetal coate molecules.

02:32 Okay, this is only going to cure in the last cycle.

02:38 So, practically, from eight carbons, you had 1, 2, and 3.

02:46 Particularly 3 cycles, okay? and there was production of, as there were 3 cycles, then there were production of 3 in adhd, 3 fadh, 3 fadh2, and 4 acetate co -a molecules.

03:03 So we can use the formula like this.

03:07 Number of carbons divided by 2 plus 1, or i'm sorry, minus 1, is going to be the number of cycles.

03:26 And henging is going to be the same as the number of nadh and fath2.

03:32 For example, in this case, we had a fatty acid with eight carbons.

03:36 So 8 divided by 2 is going to be 4...

Please give Ace some feedback