But-2-ene exhibits cis-transisomerism due to (a) rotation around C3-C4 sigma bond (b) rotation a

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But-2-ene exhibits cis-transisomerism due to (a) rotation...

But-2-ene exhibits cis-transisomerism due to
(a) rotation around $\mathrm{C}_{3}-\mathrm{C}_{4}$ sigma bond
(b) rotation around $\mathrm{C}_{1}-\mathrm{C}_{2}$ bond
(c) restricted rotation around $C=C$ bond
(d) rotation around $\mathrm{C}_{2}-\mathrm{C}_{3}$ double bond

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Key Concepts

Geometric Isomerism

Geometric isomerism, also known as cis-trans isomerism, involves different spatial arrangements of substituents around a rigid structure, typically a double bond. This characteristic allows molecules with the same connectivity to exist in distinct forms, based on whether substituents are on the same side (cis) or opposite sides (trans) of the double bond.

Restricted Rotation Around Double Bonds

The double bond in an organic molecule consists of a sigma bond and a pi bond. The pi bond, formed by the lateral overlap of p orbitals, restricts rotation around the bond. This restricted rotation is crucial because it prevents the interconversion of isomers and stabilizes the distinct cis and trans configurations.

Sigma and Pi Bonds

In a carbon-carbon double bond, the sigma bond is responsible for the primary bonding framework, while the pi bond restricts rotation. The presence of the pi bond limits the rotation around the double bond, which is essential for maintaining the distinct geometries seen in cis-trans isomers.

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