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Explain the action of smelling salt, which is amm…

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Problem 141 Hard Difficulty

Calcium hypochlorite $\left[\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OCl})_{2}\right]$ is used as a disinfectant for swimming pools. When dissolved in water it produces hypochlorous acid $$\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OCl})_{2}(s)+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons$$ $$2 \mathrm{HClO}(a q)+\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(s)$$ which ionizes as follows:
$$\mathrm{HClO}(a q) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{ClO}^{-}(a q)$$ $$K_{\mathrm{a}}=3.0 \times 10^{-8}$$
As strong oxidizing agents, both HClO and ClO $^{-}$ can kill bacteria by destroying their cellular components. However, too high a HClO concentration is irritating to the eyes of swimmers and too high a concentration of $\mathrm{ClO}^{-}$ will cause the ions to decompose in sunlight. The recommended pH for pool water is $7.8 .$ Calculate the percent of these species present at this pH.

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Video Transcript

this problem is pretty long. So good luck following along. Here, let me make sure this is going. So we're giving the following information. Calcium hypochlorite is used as a disinfectant effecting for cleaning pools. And when it's dissolved in water produces Hypo Cloris Asset. So calcium and they're rating the hypochlorite like this. This is a solid and when it comes in contact with water, you throw this into a swimming pool. You get H two h cielo and calcium hydroxide, which is insoluble then the HCL Oh ionizing is as h plus and C l o minus. So that's the two steps here, and the K A for this reaction is 3.0 times 10 to the minus eighth. Both of these, let me switch colors here. Both of these are strong oxidizing agents. They can kill back bacteria materia. They destroy the cellular components of bacteria. So if you get too high of a concentration of HCL Oh, if this is too high, your eyes are hurt. And if this is too high, um, you'll have decomposition in sunlight. So the recommended pH the recommended pH for optimum performance is 7.8. So there's the information we have. So now we need to calculate the percent. We're gonna find the percent Cielo minus and the percent hcl Oh, that are present at thes optimum conditions. Okay, so if you have to come back to this, make a note of the time and let's go to our next page. So if we have a target 7.8 ph is our target 10 to the minus 7.8 will give us an H plus concentration of let's see 1.6 times 10 to the minus eight. Moeller, that's my H plus concentration. Now let's write our K expression. It will be hpe plus and H Cielo and Cielo. Here's are where equation. Now we're not going to be able to solve this normally, but we're looking for the percent gun changes to this. We're looking for the percent of these two, and we can do that by figuring a ratio. So what we're gonna figure out here is a ratio we're gonna find thes e l o to h. C. L hope this ratio that I've colored here. So when we rearrange this equation, we're going to get K A over H plus equals the ratio of Cielo minus th cielo. Now this turns into one big X. This whole thing right here turns into one Big X. So to solve for this, we're going to take our K A, which I believe was 3.0. Correct? Yep. 3.0 times. 10 to the minus eighth. Divided by 1.6 times 10 to the minus eighth Moeller. And this will equal 1.9. So we need to have 1.9 times the C l O Connor minus concentration needs to be 1.9 times greater. Okay, so far, so good. We're almost done now. So now we're going to figure out what percent of Cielo is this. How does how does this work for percent Cielo Minus? Well, we're going to take the part Cielo divided by the total which will be part Cielo minus and the parts that's HCL. Oh, multiply that by 100. So this is what we need right here. And the part Cielo that we're going to use will be 1.9 and then we're gonna have a 1.9. And since it's 1.9 times is great, level 1.0 right there on 0.9. Divided by 2.9 equals times 100. Don't forget my times. 100. I usually just do that in my head. We're gonna get a 66%. So the answer does far is 66 percent C l minus. And by difference, that means we have to have 34% hcl. Oh, and that's the problem.

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Raymond Chang, Kenneth A. Goldsby

Chemistry

Theodore Donnell

Morgan Sizemore

Karli Sipps

Jake Rempel

This textbook answer is only visible when subscribed! Please subscribe to view the answer

Chemistry

Theodore Donnell

Morgan Sizemore

Karli Sipps

Jake Rempel

Raymond Chang, Kenneth A. GoldsbyChemistry

Theodore Donnell

Morgan Sizemore

Karli Sipps

Jake Rempel

Raymond Chang, Kenneth A. Goldsby

Chemistry