Step 1:
The binding energy per nucleon is calculated using the formula:
\[ BE = [Zm_p + (A-Z)m_n - M]c^2 \]
where \( Z \) is the atomic number, \( A \) is the mass number, \( m_p \) is the mass of a proton, \( m_n \) is the mass of a neutron, \( M \) is the
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