Calculate the density of the following materials for which...

Calculate the density of the following materials for which the mass and volume of samples have been measured. Express the density of liquids in $\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{mL}$, the density of solids in $\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^3$, and the density of gases in $\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{L}$. a. 250 mL of liquid mercury metal $(\mathrm{Hg})$ has a mass of 3400 g . b. 500 mL of concentrated liquid sulfuric acid $\left(\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4\right)$ has a mass of 925 g . c. 5.00 L of oxygen gas has a mass of 7.15 g . d. A $200 \mathrm{~cm}^3$ block of magnesium metal $(\mathrm{Mg})$ has a mass of 350 g .

Calculate the density of the following materials for which the mass and volume of samples have been measured. Express the density of liquids in $\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{mL}$, the density of solids in $\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^3$, and the density of gases in $\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{L}$.
a. 250 mL of liquid mercury metal $(\mathrm{Hg})$ has a mass of 3400 g .
b. 500 mL of concentrated liquid sulfuric acid $\left(\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4\right)$ has a mass of 925 g .
c. 5.00 L of oxygen gas has a mass of 7.15 g .
d. A $200 \mathrm{~cm}^3$ block of magnesium metal $(\mathrm{Mg})$ has a mass of 350 g .

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Key Concepts

Density

Density is a fundamental physical property defined as the mass of a substance per unit volume. It is calculated using the formula density = mass ÷ volume. This concept is essential in science and engineering for identifying substances, assessing purity, and understanding material behavior under various conditions.

Unit Conversion and Consistency

Ensuring that the units of mass and volume are compatible is critical when calculating density. Different states of matter often require specific density units—g/mL for liquids, g/cm³ for solids, and g/L for gases. This means that before performing calculations, one must convert measurements into the appropriate units to achieve accurate and meaningful results.

Physical States and Appropriate Density Units

Materials in different phases (liquid, solid, gas) have densities that are typically expressed in different units due to their inherent physical properties. For example, liquids are often measured in mL, solids in cm³, and gases in L. Recognizing the state of a substance ensures that the density is reported in the appropriate unit, aiding in comparative analysis and practical applications.

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