Calculate the fall in temperature produced by adiabatic...

Calculate the fall in temperature produced by adiabatic demagnetisation of a paramagnetic salt, if magnetic field is reduced from 8400 Oe to zero at $3 \mathrm{~K}$. Take Curie constant per $\mathrm{cm}^{3}=0.6 \mathrm{erg} \mathrm{K} \mathrm{g}^{-1} \mathrm{Oe}^{-2}$ and $C_{B}=0.2 \mathrm{cal} \mathrm{g}^{-1} \mathrm{~K}^{-1}$.

Key Concepts

Curie Constant

The Curie constant is a material-specific parameter that appears in Curie's law, expressing the proportionality between the magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic material and the inverse of its temperature. It quantifies the intrinsic magnetic response of the material and is used to relate the magnetic moment alignment with the applied magnetic field.

Specific Heat Capacity

Specific heat capacity is a measure of the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree. In the context of adiabatic processes, it plays a crucial role in determining the resulting temperature change when energy is redistributed within the system without heat exchange with the environment.

Paramagnetism

Paramagnetism is a form of magnetism in which certain materials are weakly attracted by an externally applied magnetic field and form induced magnetic moments. In these materials, magnetic moments tend to align along the field direction, and their thermal agitation at finite temperatures competes with this alignment, as described by Curie's law.

Adiabatic Demagnetization

Adiabatic demagnetization is a cooling process whereby a magnetic material is subjected to a change in magnetic field under adiabatic conditions, meaning no heat is exchanged with the surroundings. This leads to a change in the internal energy of the system and, consequently, a drop in temperature. It is a physical implementation of the magnetocaloric effect widely used for reaching very low temperatures.

Magnetocaloric Effect

The magnetocaloric effect is the intrinsic phenomenon in magnetic materials where their temperature changes in response to the application or removal of a magnetic field. This effect is a result of the alteration in magnetic entropy and is the underlying principle behind adiabatic demagnetization.

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