Calculate the mass fraction and the weight percent of the...

Calculate the mass fraction and the weight percent of the solute in each of these solutions: (a) $14.0 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{~K}_{2} \mathrm{CrO}_{4}$ in $225 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$. (b) $4.56 \mathrm{~g}$ ethanol in $50.0 \mathrm{~g}$ benzene. (c) $15.0 \mathrm{~g}$ methanol in $89.0 \mathrm{~g}$ ethanol. (d) $14.5 \mathrm{~mL}$ ethylene glycol $(d=1.11 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL})$ in $200 . \mathrm{g} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$.

Calculate the mass fraction and the weight percent of the solute in each of these solutions:
(a) $14.0 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{~K}_{2} \mathrm{CrO}_{4}$ in $225 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$.
(b) $4.56 \mathrm{~g}$ ethanol in $50.0 \mathrm{~g}$ benzene.
(c) $15.0 \mathrm{~g}$ methanol in $89.0 \mathrm{~g}$ ethanol.
(d) $14.5 \mathrm{~mL}$ ethylene glycol $(d=1.11 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL})$ in $200 . \mathrm{g} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$.

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Key Concepts

Density in Calculations

Density is the property that relates mass to volume and is crucial when a component of a solution is given in volume instead of mass. By using the density, one can convert a given volume into mass, ensuring that all components are expressed in the same units for accurate concentration calculations.

Solute and Solvent

In any solution, the solute is the substance that is dissolved, while the solvent is the substance that does the dissolving. Recognizing which component is the solute and which is the solvent is essential for correctly applying formulas to calculate concentration measures such as mass fraction and weight percent.

Mass Fraction

Mass fraction is a concentration measure defined as the ratio of the mass of the solute to the total mass of the solution. It is a dimensionless quantity that describes the proportion of substance in a mixture and is fundamental in quantifying the composition of solutions.

Weight Percent

Weight percent, also known as mass percent, is the mass fraction multiplied by 100. It expresses the concentration of the solute as a percentage of the total mass of the solution, making it a convenient way to represent the composition in many practical applications.

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