Calculate the number of moles and the mass of the solute in...

Calculate the number of moles and the mass of the solute in each of the following solutions: (a) $2.00 \mathrm{L}$ of $18.5 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$, concentrated sulfuric acid (b) $100.0 \mathrm{mL}$ of $3.8 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaCN}$, the minimum lethal concentration of sodium cyanide in blood serum (c) 5.50 L of $13.3 M$ H $_{2}$ CO, the formaldehyde used to "fix" tissue samples (d) $325 \mathrm{mL}$ of $1.8 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{M}$ FeSO $_{4}$, the minimum concentration of iron sulfate detectable by taste in drinking water

Calculate the number of moles and the mass of the solute in each of the following solutions:
(a) $2.00 \mathrm{L}$ of $18.5 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$, concentrated sulfuric acid
(b) $100.0 \mathrm{mL}$ of $3.8 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaCN}$, the minimum lethal concentration of sodium cyanide in blood serum
(c) 5.50 L of $13.3 M$ H $_{2}$ CO, the formaldehyde used to "fix" tissue samples
(d) $325 \mathrm{mL}$ of $1.8 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{M}$ FeSO $_{4}$, the minimum concentration of iron sulfate detectable by taste in drinking water

Key Concepts

Molarity

Molarity is a concentration unit that expresses the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is used to quantify the concentration of a substance in a solution and is key to relating the volume of the solution to the amount of the substance present.

Moles

A mole is a fundamental unit in chemistry that quantifies the amount of a substance. It represents 6.022 x 10^23 entities (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) and is essential for converting between mass and number of particles in chemical calculations.

Volume Conversion

Volumes are often given in different units (such as milliliters and liters), so converting volume measurements into consistent units is vital. Typically, volumes must be converted to liters when using molarity in calculations, ensuring that the units of moles per liter are properly applied.

Molar Mass

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, usually expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). It is determined by summing the atomic masses of the elements in the compound and is crucial for converting between the mass of a substance and the number of moles.

Mass Calculation

Mass calculation involves using the number of moles of a substance and its molar mass to determine the total mass. The relationship is given by the formula: mass = moles × molar mass, which bridges the mole concept and practical measurable quantities in the laboratory.

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