·You push your physics book 1.50 m along a horizontal tabletop with a horizontal push of 2.40 N

step 1 Question 5. In this question we are given that a book is placed on a table and is being posed by

·You push your physics book 1.50 m along a horizontal...

$\cdot$ You push your physics book 1.50 $\mathrm{m}$ along a horizontal tabletop with a horizontal push of 2.40 $\mathrm{N}$ while the opposing force of friction is 0.600 $\mathrm{N} .$ How much work does each of the following forces do on the book? (a) your 2.40 $\mathrm{N}$ push, (b) the friction force, (c) the normal force from the table, and (d) grav- ity? (e) What is the net work done on the book?

$\cdot$ You push your physics book 1.50 $\mathrm{m}$ along a horizontal
tabletop with a horizontal push of 2.40 $\mathrm{N}$ while the opposing
force of friction is 0.600 $\mathrm{N} .$ How much work does each of the
following forces do on the book? (a) your 2.40 $\mathrm{N}$ push, (b) the
friction force, (c) the normal force from the table, and (d) grav-
ity? (e) What is the net work done on the book?

Key Concepts

Work

Work is the transfer of energy through force acting over a displacement. It is calculated as the dot product of the force and displacement vectors, which means it depends on both the magnitude of the force, the displacement, and the cosine of the angle between them.

Dot Product

The dot product is a mathematical operation that helps compute the work done by a force. It takes into account the magnitude of the force, the distance moved by the object, and the cosine of the angle between the force and the displacement, encapsulated in the formula W = F · d = Fd cos?.

Friction

Friction is a resistive force that opposes the motion of objects sliding against each other. In the context of work, friction does negative work because it acts directly opposite to the direction of displacement, reducing the object’s kinetic energy.

Normal Force

The normal force is the perpendicular force exerted by a surface to support the weight of an object. Since the normal force acts perpendicular to the direction of displacement in horizontal motion, it does no work on the object.

Gravitational Force

Gravitational force acts vertically downward, and when an object is moved horizontally, the gravitational force is perpendicular to the displacement. Thus, in such cases, gravity does no work on the object.

Net Work

Net work is the total work done on an object by all the forces acting on it. It is the sum of the work done by both positive forces (which add energy) and negative forces (which remove energy), and it is directly related to the change in the object's kinetic energy according to the work-energy theorem.

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