Cities Find the distance in kilometers between each pair of...

Cities Find the distance in kilometers between each pair of cities, assuming they lie on the same north-south line.
New York City, New York, $41^{\circ} \mathrm{N},$ and Lima, Peru, $12^{\circ} \mathrm{S}$

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Key Concepts

Degree to Radian Conversion

Converting degrees to radians is crucial when using the arc length formula, as the central angle must be in radians. The conversion is achieved by multiplying the degree measurement by ?/180, ensuring that the distance calculation is accurate when applied to a spherical model of the Earth.

Arc Length Calculation

Arc length calculation is the process of determining the distance along a circular arc, and in this context, it involves computing the distance along the Earth's surface. The formula involves multiplying the central angle (in radians) between two points by the Earth's radius.

Latitude

Latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north-south position of a point on the Earth's surface, expressed in degrees. It is essential for determining how far north or south a location is relative to the equator.

Meridional Distance

Meridional distance refers to the distance between two points along the same meridian or north-south line. This concept is important when calculating the direct north-south distance between two locations that share the same longitude.

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