Classify each of the following as ionic or molecular, and...

Classify each of the following as ionic or molecular, and name each: a. $\mathrm{Li}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ b. $\mathrm{Cr}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}$ c. $\mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}\right)_{2}$ d. $\mathrm{NF}_{3}$ e. $\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}$ f. $\mathrm{K}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}$ g. $\mathrm{Au}_{2}\left(\mathrm{SO}_{3}\right)_{3}$ h. $\mathrm{I}_{2}$

Classify each of the following as ionic or molecular, and name each:
a. $\mathrm{Li}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
b. $\mathrm{Cr}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}$
c. $\mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}\right)_{2}$
d. $\mathrm{NF}_{3}$
e. $\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}$
f. $\mathrm{K}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}$
g. $\mathrm{Au}_{2}\left(\mathrm{SO}_{3}\right)_{3}$
h. $\mathrm{I}_{2}$

Key Concepts

Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds are formed through the electrostatic attraction between cations and anions, typically involving metals and nonmetals or polyatomic ions. They form crystal lattices, usually have high melting and boiling points, and are often soluble in polar solvents like water.

Molecular Compounds

Molecular compounds consist of atoms covalently bonded together to form discrete molecules, usually composed entirely of nonmetals. They tend to exhibit lower melting and boiling points compared to ionic compounds, and their physical state may vary (solid, liquid, or gas) at room temperature.

Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds

Nomenclature for ionic compounds involves naming the cation first (usually the metal) followed by the anion (often a nonmetal or a polyatomic ion) with adjustments for ionic charges. For transition metal cations, Roman numerals indicate their oxidation states, and standard names are used for common polyatomic ions.

Nomenclature of Molecular Compounds

Molecular compounds are named by listing the elements in the compound, with prefixes denoting the number of atoms of each element (such as mono-, di-, tri-, etc.), and typically modifying the name of the second element to end in '-ide'. This system is particularly used when both elements are nonmetals.

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