Compared with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, a...

Compared with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, a key difference of anaerobic respiration in bacteria is that a. more ATP is made. b. ATP is made only via substrate-level phosphorylation. c. $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ is converted to $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}$ rather than $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$. d. something other than $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ acts as a final electron acceptor of the ETC. e. $b$ and $d .$

Compared with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, a key difference of anaerobic respiration in bacteria is that
a. more ATP is made.
b. ATP is made only via substrate-level phosphorylation.
c. $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ is converted to $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}$ rather than $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$.
d. something other than $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ acts as a final electron acceptor of the ETC.
e. $b$ and $d .$

Key Concepts

Final Electron Acceptor

The final electron acceptor is the molecule that receives electrons at the end of the electron transport chain. In aerobic respiration, oxygen serves this role, facilitating the production of water and significant ATP synthesis. In contrast, anaerobic respiration employs other molecules, such as nitrate or sulfate, as the final electron acceptor, which results in different energy yields and metabolic byproducts.

Substrate-Level Phosphorylation

Substrate-level phosphorylation is a method of ATP production that involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from a phosphorylated intermediate. Unlike oxidative phosphorylation, it does not require an electron transport chain or a proton gradient and usually generates a much lower amount of ATP per molecule of substrate oxidized.

Anaerobic Respiration

Anaerobic respiration is a metabolic process by which cells generate energy in the absence of oxygen. Instead of using oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain, bacteria use alternative inorganic or organic molecules. This process typically results in a different yield of ATP compared to aerobic respiration and can involve variations in the mechanism of ATP production.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process of ATP generation that occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells under aerobic conditions. It involves the electron transport chain (ETC) where high-energy electrons are passed through a series of proteins, ultimately reducing oxygen to water, and creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. This process generally produces a large amount of ATP.

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