Complete the following table for a neutral atom of each...

Complete the following table for a neutral atom of each element: $$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline \begin{array}{} \text { Name } \\ \text { of the } \\ \text { Element } \end{array} & \text { Symbol } & \begin{array}{} \text { Atomic } \\ \text { Number } \end{array} & \begin{array}{l} \text { Mass } \\ \text { Number } \end{array} & \begin{array}{l} \text { Number } \\ \text { of } \\ \text { Protons } \end{array} & \begin{array}{l} \text { Number } \\ \text { of } \\ \text { Neutrons } \end{array} & \begin{array}{l} \text { Number } \\ \text { of } \\ \text { Electrons } \end{array} \\ \hline & \text { Al } & & 27 & & & \\ \hline & & 12 & & & 12 \\ \hline \text { Potassium } & & & & & 20 & \\ \hline & & & & 16 & 15 & \\ \hline & & & 56 & & & 26 \\ \hline \end{array}$$

Complete the following table for a neutral atom of each element:
$$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline \begin{array}{}
\text { Name } \\
\text { of the } \\
\text { Element }
\end{array} & \text { Symbol } & \begin{array}{}
\text { Atomic } \\
\text { Number }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Mass } \\
\text { Number }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Number } \\
\text { of } \\
\text { Protons }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Number } \\
\text { of } \\
\text { Neutrons }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Number } \\
\text { of } \\
\text { Electrons }
\end{array} \\
\hline & \text { Al } & & 27 & & & \\
\hline & & 12 & & & 12 \\
\hline \text { Potassium } & & & & & 20 & \\
\hline & & & & 16 & 15 & \\
\hline & & & 56 & & & 26 \\
\hline
\end{array}$$

Key Concepts

Neutral Atom

A neutral atom is one in which the total number of protons is equal to the total number of electrons, resulting in no net electrical charge. This balance is essential for understanding atomic properties and behavior in chemical reactions.

Electrons

Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons, balancing the overall charge to zero.

Neutrons

Neutrons are neutral particles also found in the nucleus of an atom. They contribute to the overall mass of the atom and, along with protons, determine the mass number. Variations in neutron number produce different isotopes of an element.

Mass Number

The mass number is the total count of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus. It gives an approximate measure of the atomic mass and is used to distinguish between different isotopes of the same element.

Atomic Number

The atomic number represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It uniquely identifies an element and, in a neutral atom, is equal to the number of electrons, thereby defining the element's placement on the periodic table.

Protons

Protons are positively charged particles located in the nucleus of an atom. The number of protons determines the atomic number and defines the chemical properties of the element.

Transcript

00:02 So for this question you're asked to finish filling in this table.

00:07 And i made this up.

00:08 Obviously, the first thing you're going to have to do is you're going to have to get out your periodic table, and you're going to have to redraw this table on your homework.

00:17 So i drew this in excel so that it was easy to type things in, easy to read everything.

00:24 But obviously, you'll probably be handwriting it.

00:28 So the first thing, once you've got that done, once you've got your table drawn in, you've got your periodic table handy.

00:34 The first thing i would look at is i would look at these three columns right here.

00:42 And the reason i'd look at those three columns is because we know that the atomic number is defined as the number of protons.

00:49 So therefore, these two have to be the same.

00:55 For whatever row we're in, the atomic number and the number of protons has to be the same.

00:59 And the third, the number of electrons also has to be the same because it's a neutral atom.

01:06 Because it's a neutral atom, we know that the positive charges and the negative charges have to cancel each other out.

01:12 So the number of protons has to be the same as a number of electrons.

01:15 So that means that those are the same as well, and those are the same and those are the same.

01:19 So by the time we finish, these three columns should be completely identical for every step.

01:25 So we can do that without even looking at our periodic table.

01:28 So now go ahead, pull out your periodic table.

01:30 We're going to try and fill in these other two that we don't know.

01:35 So we're going to find symbol al.

01:39 So we find al, and we find the atomic number of al is 13.

01:44 Then we also find potassium, and we find that the atomic number for potassium is 19.

01:52 So now, just like before, we know that this has to be the same, this has to be the same.

01:58 And so now those columns are completely filled up.

02:02 Now we've got those columns, i'm going to move to these two columns.

02:07 Let's go ahead and make that.

02:10 Let's make it green.

02:12 No, that's hard to read.

02:14 Let's make it yellow.

02:15 Yellow is easy to read.

02:17 Okay, so now we're going to find the names and symbols for the elements.

02:21 We have all the atomic numbers.

02:22 The periodic table is arranged very conveniently in order of atomic number.

02:28 So we can just find these atomic numbers and find the symbols that go with them.

02:33 So, of course, number 13 is al, and we already found it once before.

02:37 This is aluminum.

02:40 Number 12, 12 is near the left -hand side, second row in.

02:48 Sorry, i put that in the wrong place.

02:49 Let's put magnesium, and the symbol is m -g.

02:54 And let's make that big so you can see it...

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