Question

Consider a system of non-interacting spins in an applied magnetic field $H$. Using $S=k(\ln Z+\beta E)$, where $Z$ is the partition function, $E$ is the energy, and $\beta=1 / k T$, argue that the dependence of $S$ on $H$ and $T$ is of the form $S=f(H / T)$ where $f(x)$ is some function that need not be determined. Show that if such a system is magnetized at constant $T$, then thermally isolated, and then demagnetized adiabatically, cooling will result. Why is this technique of adiabatic demagnetization used for refrigeration only at very low temperatures? How can we have $T<0$ for this system? Can this give a means of achieving $T=0$ ?

   Consider a system of non-interacting spins in an applied magnetic field $H$. Using $S=k(\ln Z+\beta E)$, where $Z$ is the partition function, $E$ is the energy, and $\beta=1 / k T$, argue that the dependence of $S$ on $H$ and $T$ is of the form $S=f(H / T)$ where $f(x)$ is some function that need not be determined.

Show that if such a system is magnetized at constant $T$, then thermally isolated, and then demagnetized adiabatically, cooling will result.

Why is this technique of adiabatic demagnetization used for refrigeration only at very low temperatures?

How can we have $T<0$ for this system? Can this give a means of achieving $T=0$ ?
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Problems and Solutions on Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
Problems and Solutions on Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
U.S.T. of China… 1st Edition
Chapter 2, Problem 135 ↓

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Here, \( Z \) is the partition function, \( E \) is the energy of the system, \( k \) is the Boltzmann constant, and \( \beta = \frac{1}{kT} \).  Show more…

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Consider a system of non-interacting spins in an applied magnetic field $H$. Using $S=k(\ln Z+\beta E)$, where $Z$ is the partition function, $E$ is the energy, and $\beta=1 / k T$, argue that the dependence of $S$ on $H$ and $T$ is of the form $S=f(H / T)$ where $f(x)$ is some function that need not be determined. Show that if such a system is magnetized at constant $T$, then thermally isolated, and then demagnetized adiabatically, cooling will result. Why is this technique of adiabatic demagnetization used for refrigeration only at very low temperatures? How can we have $T<0$ for this system? Can this give a means of achieving $T=0$ ?
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