Consider the following cyclic process carried out in two...

Consider the following cyclic process carried out in two steps on a gas: Step 1: $45 \mathrm{~J}$ of heat is added to the gas, and $10 . \mathrm{J}$ of expansion work is performed. Step 2: $60 . \mathrm{J}$ of heat is removed from the gas as the gas is compressed back to the initial state. Calculate the work for the gas compression in step $2 .$

Consider the following cyclic process carried out in two steps
on a gas:
Step 1: $45 \mathrm{~J}$ of heat is added to the gas, and $10 . \mathrm{J}$ of expansion work is performed. Step 2: $60 . \mathrm{J}$ of heat is removed from the gas as the gas is compressed back to the initial state.
Calculate the work for the gas compression in step $2 .$

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Key Concepts

First Law of Thermodynamics

This law states that the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system. It is a principle of energy conservation, which is essential for analyzing energy exchanges during any thermodynamic process, including those involving heat transfer and work performed during expansion or compression.

Cyclic Processes

A cyclic process is one in which the system returns to its initial state at the end of the cycle, meaning that the net change in internal energy over the entire cycle is zero. This property allows us to apply energy conservation to determine unknown quantities such as work done or heat transfer during individual steps.

Work Sign Convention

In thermodynamics, the sign convention for work is crucial; work done by the system (expansion) is considered positive, while work done on the system (compression) is considered negative. This convention helps correctly account for energy transfers, ensuring that the energy balance adheres to the First Law of Thermodynamics.

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