Consider the following SN1 reaction. a. Draw a mechanism for...

Consider the following S$_N$1 reaction. a. Draw a mechanism for this reaction using curved arrows. b. Draw an energy diagram. Label the axes, starting material, product, $E_a$, and $\Delta H^\circ$. Assume that the starting material and product are equal in energy. c. Draw the structure of any transition states. d. What is the rate equation for this reaction? e. What happens to the reaction rate in each of the following instances? [1] The leaving group is changed from $I^-$ to $CI^-$; [2) The solvent is changed from $H_2O$ to DMF; [3] The alkyl halide is changed from $(CH_3)_2C(I)CH_2CH_3$ to $(CH_3)_2CHCH(I)CH_3$; [4] The concentration of $H_2O$ is increased by a factor of five; and [5] The concentrations of both the alkyl halide and $H_2O$ are increased by a factor of five.

Consider the following S$_N$1 reaction.
a. Draw a mechanism for this reaction using curved arrows.
b. Draw an energy diagram. Label the axes, starting material, product, $E_a$, and $\Delta H^\circ$. Assume that the starting material and product are equal in energy.
c. Draw the structure of any transition states.
d. What is the rate equation for this reaction?
e. What happens to the reaction rate in each of the following instances? [1] The leaving group is
changed from $I^-$ to $CI^-$; [2) The solvent is changed from $H_2O$ to DMF; [3] The alkyl halide is changed from $(CH_3)_2C(I)CH_2CH_3$ to $(CH_3)_2CHCH(I)CH_3$; [4] The concentration of $H_2O$ is increased by a factor of five; and [5] The concentrations of both the alkyl halide and $H_2O$ are increased by a factor of five.

Transcript

00:01 So in problem 64, we're given an sn1 reaction.

00:06 And in part a, we are told to draw the mechanism for the reaction.

00:11 So the first step in an sn1 mechanism is heterolysis.

00:14 So the leaving group leaves to form a planar carbocadion, then the nucleophile attacks from both sides, but in this case, we don't need to worry about stereochemistry.

00:40 So our final product is going to be, as shown above, there we go.

01:05 And then in b, we need to draw the energy diagram for that reaction.

01:18 So on the x -axis, we'll have our reaction coordinate.

01:24 And on the y -axis, we'll have our energy abbreviated to e.

01:29 So we're also told to assume that the reactants and products have the same energy overall.

01:35 So we're going to draw those equal to each other.

01:40 So this reaction goes through two transition states.

01:43 Because it's a two -step mechanism.

01:46 So it's going to have two hups.

01:54 Delta h for this one is going to be equal to zero because the energy of the reactants is equal to that of the products.

02:03 Our starting material this.

02:10 This is our first energy of activation.