Convert the following temperatures to degrees Celsius or...

Convert the following temperatures to degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit: (a) $95^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$, the temperature on a hot summer day; (b) $12^{\circ} \mathrm{F},$ the temperature on a cold winter day; (c) a $102^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ fever; (d) a furnace operating at $1852^{\circ} \mathrm{F} ;$ (e) $-273.15^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ (theoretically the lowest attainable temperature).

Key Concepts

Temperature Scales

Temperature scales are systems for measuring thermal energy, with the most common ones being Celsius and Fahrenheit. Each scale is based on different reference points; for example, the Celsius scale sets the freezing and boiling points of water at 0° and 100° respectively, while the Fahrenheit scale assigns 32° to the freezing point and 212° to the boiling point of water. Understanding these scales is crucial for comparing and converting temperature measurements across different systems.

Conversion Formulas

Conversion formulas provide the mathematical relationships needed to convert temperature values between scales. The formula to convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius is C = (F - 32) × 5/9, and conversely, the formula to convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit is F = (C × 9/5) + 32. These formulas are essential for accurately translating temperature readings, which is important in both scientific contexts and everyday situations.

Absolute Zero

Absolute zero is the theoretical lowest possible temperature, at which a system reaches its minimum internal energy. On the Celsius scale, it is defined as -273.15°C, and it represents a limit where no thermal energy remains in particles. This concept serves as a baseline in thermodynamics and helps in understanding the limitations of temperature reduction in physical processes.

Transcript

0:00 Hi.

00:01 So this question is asking you to convert the following temperatures to degrees celsius or degrees fahrenheit.

00:06 So if they give it to you in degrees fahrenheit, you're going to convert to celsius.

00:09 And if you give it to you in celsius, you're going to convert it to degrees fahrenheit.

00:12 So first let's write out our temperature equations, our conversion equations.

00:18 So here we're going to have what? the first one is degrees celsius equals 5 over 9 degrees fahrenheit minus 32.

00:33 And now our other equation, which is just this basically we organized, is degrees fahrenheit equals 5, or 9 over 5 degrees celsius plus plus 32.

00:49 So here are two equations.

00:50 And basically this question is pretty easy.

00:53 It's just plug and chug.

00:54 If they give you fahrenheit, you plug it into the first equation.

00:56 They give you celsius, you plug it into the second equation.

00:59 So let's look at the first question here.

01:02 They give you 95 degrees fahrenheit.

01:06 So since they give you fahrenheit, you want to convert it to celsius.

01:09 We're going to use the first equation.

01:11 So degrees celsius equals 9 over 5 times 95, because that's the temperature they give you, 95 minus 32.

01:25 And the answer you should get here is 35 degrees celsius.

01:34 Now we go to part b.